Comprehensive MCQs on Refractive Errors for Optometry and Ophthalmology exams. Covers Myopia, Hypermetropia, Astigmatism, Anisometropia, and Surgical Corrections with detailed explanations. Perfect for DMER, DHS, and Paramedical competitive exam preparation – only on MCQZone.in. visit our index page to topic wise optometry and ophthalmology mcq.
Myopia – Clinical Pearls
81. Degenerative myopia is also called:
A. School myopia
B. Pathological myopia
C. Index myopia
D. Nocturnal myopia
View Answer
B. Pathological myopia ✅ Exp: Progressive high myopia with fundus changes.
82. Most common type of myopia in children:
A. School myopia
B. Degenerative myopia
C. Congenital myopia
D. Pseudomyopia
View Answer
A. School myopia ✅ Exp: Due to near work in school years.
83. Congenital myopia is usually:
A. Bilateral
B. Unilateral
C. Always progressive
D. Always mild
View Answer
A. Bilateral ✅ Exp: Present at birth, often bilateral.
84. High myopia increases risk of:
A. Retinal detachment
B. Angle-closure glaucoma
C. Presbyopia
D. Optic neuritis
View Answer
A. Retinal detachment ✅ Exp: Due to peripheral retinal degeneration.
85. Myopic fundus appearance is called:
A. Tiger stripe
B. Tigroid
C. Honeycomb
D. Leopard spots
View Answer
B. Tigroid ✅ Exp: Tessellated fundus due to choroidal visibility.
Hypermetropia – Clinical Pearls Refractive Errors
86. Latent hypermetropia is revealed by:
A. Fogging
B. Cycloplegic refraction
C. Retinoscopy only
D. Keratometry
View Answer
B. Cycloplegic refraction ✅ Exp: Cycloplegia eliminates accommodation.
87. Facultative hypermetropia is corrected by:
A. Accommodation
B. Cylinders
C. Surgery only
D. Presbyopic add
View Answer
A. Accommodation ✅ Exp: Corrected by ciliary effort.
88. Absolute hypermetropia is corrected by:
A. Accommodation
B. Convex lenses
C. Cylindrical lenses
D. No correction
View Answer
B. Convex lenses ✅ Exp: Cannot be compensated by accommodation.
89. Total hypermetropia is sum of:
A. Latent + Manifest
B. Facultative + Absolute
C. Axial + Index
D. Physiological + Pathological
View Answer
A. Latent + Manifest ✅ Exp: Complete refractive error.
90. Hypermetropia in children predisposes to:
A. Esotropia
B. Exotropia
C. Amblyopia
D. Astigmatism
View Answer
A. Esotropia ✅ Exp: Excess accommodation → convergence → esotropia.
Astigmatism – Refractive Errors
91. Regular astigmatism axis difference:
A. 45°
B. 60°
C. 90°
D. Random
View Answer
C. 90° ✅ Exp: Principal meridians are orthogonal.
92. Oblique astigmatism axes:
A. 0° & 90°
B. 45° & 135°
C. 180° & 90°
D. Random
View Answer
B. 45° & 135° ✅ Exp: Axis between 30–60° or 120–150°.
93. Keratoconus produces:
A. Regular astigmatism
B. Irregular astigmatism
C. Simple myopia
D. Presbyopia
View Answer
B. Irregular astigmatism ✅ Exp: Cone shape distorts cornea.
94. Post-keratoplasty astigmatism is often:
A. Regular
B. Irregular
C. Always myopic
D. Hypermetropic
View Answer
B. Irregular ✅ Exp: Suture tension produces irregularity.
95. Astigmatism not correctable by spectacles:
A. Irregular
B. Regular
C. Simple
D. Compound
View Answer
A. Irregular ✅ Exp: Needs RGP CLs or surgery.
Anisometropia & Aniseikonia
96. Critical degree of anisometropia causing amblyopia:
A. >1 D
B. >2 D
C. >4 D
D. >6 D
View Answer
B. >2 D ✅ Exp: Even 2 D difference can cause amblyopia in children.
97. Isoametropia means:
A. Similar refractive error in both eyes
B. Unequal error in both eyes
C. Mixed error
D. No error
View Answer
A. Similar refractive error in both eyes ✅ Exp: Same magnitude/type bilaterally.
98. Anisometropia is better corrected by:
A. Contact lenses
B. Spectacles
C. Prisms
D. Cylinders
View Answer
A. Contact lenses ✅ Exp: CLs minimize aniseikonia.
99. Image magnification in +12 D aphakic spectacles:
A. 10%
B. 20%
C. 25–30%
D. 40%
View Answer
C. 25–30% ✅ Exp: High plus lenses enlarge image significantly.
100. Contact lenses in aphakia reduce magnification to:
A. 10%
B. 20%
C. 30%
D. 40%
View Answer
A. 10% ✅ Exp: Better tolerated than spectacles.
Correction – Optical Methods
101. Myopia is corrected by:
A. Convex lenses
B. Concave lenses
C. Cylindrical lenses
D. Prisms
View Answer
B. Concave lenses ✅ Exp: Minus lenses diverge rays.
102. Hypermetropia is corrected by:
A. Concave lenses
B. Convex lenses
C. Cylindrical lenses
D. Plano lenses
View Answer
B. Convex lenses ✅ Exp: Plus lenses converge rays.
103. Regular astigmatism corrected by:
A. Cylindrical lenses
B. RGP lenses only
C. Surgery always
D. Spectacles never
View Answer
A. Cylindrical lenses ✅ Exp: Cylinders neutralize difference in power.
104. Irregular astigmatism corrected by:
A. Cylinders
B. RGP lenses
C. Plus lenses
D. Progressive lenses
View Answer
B. RGP lenses ✅ Exp: Rigid lenses neutralize irregular curvature.
105. Presbyopia corrected by:
A. Convex lenses
B. Concave lenses
C. Cylindrical lenses
D. IOL only
View Answer
A. Convex lenses ✅ Exp: Near add with plus power.
Correction – Surgical Methods
106. LASIK corrects refractive errors by:
A. Reshaping cornea with excimer laser
B. Replacing lens
C. Shortening axial length
D. Altering vitreous index
View Answer
A. Reshaping cornea with excimer laser ✅ Exp: Removes corneal stroma to change power.
107. PRK differs from LASIK by:
A. No corneal flap
B. More tissue removal
C. Use of IOL
D. Incisional cuts
View Answer
A. No corneal flap ✅ Exp: PRK is surface ablation.
108. SMILE corrects refractive errors by:
A. Removing intrastromal lenticule
B. Surface ablation
C. Corneal incisions
D. Lens extraction
View Answer
A. Removing intrastromal lenticule ✅ Exp: Small incision → femtosecond laser lenticule removal.
109. Phakic IOLs are useful in:
A. Low myopia
B. High myopia (>–12 D)
C. Presbyopia only
D. Hypermetropia only
View Answer
B. High myopia (>–12 D) ✅ Exp: Indicated for very high myopia.
110. Clear lens extraction is indicated in:
A. High hypermetropia
B. Low myopia
C. Regular astigmatism
D. Presbyopia only
View Answer
A. High hypermetropia ✅ Exp: Removes crystalline lens, adds IOL.
111. A 6-year-old child with +4 D hypermetropia develops esotropia. Best management:
A. Observe
B. Convex lenses full-time
C. Concave lenses
D. Surgery immediately
View Answer
B. Convex lenses full-time ✅ Exp: Full correction relieves accommodative esotropia.
112. A 20-year-old with –3 D myopia sees clearly at:
A. 1 m
B. 33 cm
C. 50 cm
D. Infinity
View Answer
C. 50 cm ✅ Exp: Far point = 1/3 = 0.33 m? Wait → Correction: –3 D = 1/3 m = 33 cm. (So correct = 33 cm).
113. A patient with +2 D hypermetropia has far point at:
A. 50 cm behind retina
B. 25 cm behind retina
C. Infinity
D. 1 m in front
View Answer
A. 50 cm behind retina ✅ Exp: Rays focus behind retina.
114. A patient has refraction –2 DS / –1 DC × 180. This means:
A. Simple myopia
B. Compound myopic astigmatism
C. Mixed astigmatism
D. Simple hypermetropia
View Answer
B. Compound myopic astigmatism ✅ Exp: Both meridians myopic.
115. Refraction +2 DS / –4 DC × 90 indicates:
A. Mixed astigmatism
B. Compound myopia
C. Compound hypermetropia
D. Simple myopia
View Answer
A. Mixed astigmatism ✅ Exp: One meridian +, other –.
Exam-Oriented Nuggets
116. Most common refractive error worldwide:
A. Myopia
B. Hypermetropia
C. Astigmatism
D. Presbyopia
View Answer
A. Myopia ✅ Exp: Especially in East Asia.
117. Refractive error most associated with angle-closure glaucoma:
A. Myopia
B. Hypermetropia
C. Astigmatism
D. Presbyopia
View Answer
B. Hypermetropia ✅ Exp: Short eye predisposes.
118. Refractive error most associated with retinal detachment:
A. Myopia
B. Hypermetropia
C. Astigmatism
D. Presbyopia
View Answer
A. Myopia ✅ Exp: Myopes have peripheral retinal degeneration.
119. Refractive error that disappears with age in many children:
A. Hypermetropia
B. Myopia
C. Astigmatism
D. Presbyopia
View Answer
A. Hypermetropia ✅ Exp: Physiological hypermetropia corrected by eye growth.
120. Refractive error giving best near vision without correction:
A. Hypermetropia
B. Myopia
C. Astigmatism
D. Presbyopia
View Answer
B. Myopia ✅ Exp: Myopes can read near objects unaided.
