ophthalmology quiz of Fundus camera optics, slit-lamp photography, fluorescein & ICG angiography, autofluorescence, CSLO, adaptive optics, and digital imaging MCQs (Q401–440) with detailed explanations. High-yield ophthalmic imaging MCQs and notes for NEET PG, NEXT, AIIMS, MRCOphth & Optometry exams. this series also imp for RRB Optometrist, ophthalmic technician and ophthalmic officers exams in RRB and DHS. Visit our index page to find more MCQ series.
Fundus Camera Optics
Q401. Fundus camera combines optics of —
A. Indirect ophthalmoscope and camera
B. Slit lamp and microscope
C. Keratometers
D. Lensometer
View Answer
A. Indirect ophthalmoscope and camera ✅ Exp: Uses indirect ophthalmoscopy principle for retinal photography.
Q402. Main advantage of fundus camera —
A. Wide-field, reflex-free retinal images
B. Higher magnification than direct ophthalmoscopy
C. Low illumination requirement
D. 3-D view
View Answer
A. Wide-field, reflex-free retinal images ✅ Exp: Provides field up to 50° with high resolution.
Q403. Fundus camera illumination system uses —
A. Annular ring light around objective
B. Coaxial mirror illumination
C. Diffuse lamp
D. Side lamp
View Answer
A. Annular ring light around objective ✅ Exp: Prevents corneal reflex by oblique entry of light.
Q404. Pupil diameter required for clear fundus photography ≈
A. ≥ 4 mm
B. 2 mm
C. 6 mm
D. 8 mm
View Answer
A. ≥ 4 mm ✅ Exp: Smaller pupil causes vignetting and poor illumination.
Q405. Field of view of standard fundus camera ≈
A. 30–50°
B. 10°
C. 90°
D. 120°
View Answer
A. 30–50° ✅ Exp: Wide-field versions may extend to 200° (optos).
Q406. Stereo fundus photography used for —
A. Optic disc cup–disc ratio assessment
B. Macular pigment
C. Corneal scar
D. IOP
View Answer
A. Optic disc cup–disc ratio assessment ✅ Exp: Two slightly offset images provide depth perception.
Q407. Mydriatic fundus camera requires —
A. Pharmacologic dilation
B. Infra-red illumination
C. Blue filter
D. Low-intensity flash
View Answer
A. Pharmacologic dilation ✅ Exp: Gives better illumination and resolution than non-mydriatic.
Q408. Non-mydriatic fundus camera uses —
A. Infra-red light for alignment
B. Bright white flash
C. UV excitation
D. Polarized filters only
View Answer
A. Infra-red light for alignment ✅ Exp: IR viewing avoids pupil constriction before capture.
ophthalmology quiz
Q409. Confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope (CSLO) provides —
A. High-contrast, depth-resolved images
B. Wider field only
C. Color fundus images
D. Fluorescein video
View Answer
A. High-contrast, depth-resolved images ✅ Exp: Uses laser beam and confocal aperture to reject out-of-focus light.
Q410. CSLO principle —
A. Optical sectioning with pinhole aperture
B. Interference
C. Polarization
D. Reflection rings
View Answer
A. Optical sectioning with pinhole aperture ✅ Exp: Provides layer-by-layer retinal imaging.
Q411. Main application of CSLO —
A. Optic nerve head and RNFL analysis
B. Corneal topography
C. Lens curvature
D. Color vision
View Answer
A. Optic nerve head and RNFL analysis ✅ Exp: Assesses glaucomatous disc changes.
Q412. Adaptive optics in fundus imaging —
A. Compensates ocular aberrations
B. Enhances contrast only
C. Uses UV illumination
D. Reduces color
View Answer
A. Compensates ocular aberrations ✅ Exp: Real-time wavefront correction for cellular-level resolution.
Slit-Lamp Photography ophthalmology quiz
Q413. Slit-lamp photography captures —
A. Anterior segment structures
B. Retina
C. Orbit
D. Optic nerve
View Answer
A. Anterior segment structures ✅ Exp: Used for documentation of cornea, iris, lens.
Q414. Camera attached to slit lamp via —
A. Beam-splitter
B. Mirror box
C. Prism rotator
D. Side tube
View Answer
A. Beam-splitter ✅ Exp: Diverts part of light to camera sensor.
Q415. Optical principle for slit-lamp imaging —
A. Coaxial illumination and microscopy
B. Interference
C. Total internal reflection
D. Prism dispersion
View Answer
A. Coaxial illumination and microscopy ✅ Exp: Combines oblique light beam with microscope view.
Q416. Depth of focus in slit-lamp photo inversely related to —
A. Magnification
B. Aperture size
C. Illumination
D. Filter type
View Answer
A. Magnification ✅ Exp: Higher magnification reduces depth of field.
Q417. Specular microscopy imaging visualizes —
A. Corneal endothelium
B. Epithelium
C. Lens epithelium
D. Retina
View Answer
A. Corneal endothelium ✅ Exp: Reflected light from endothelial surface forms cellular pattern.
Q418. Endothelial cell density normally ≈
A. 2500–3000 cells/mm²
B. 1500
C. 3500–4000
D. 1000
View Answer
A. 2500–3000 cells/mm² ✅ Exp: Gradually declines with age.
Q419. Specular microscope uses —
A. Reflected light microscopy
B. Transmitted light
C. Laser illumination
D. Infra-red only
View Answer
A. Reflected light microscopy ✅ Exp: Reflected beam from endothelium forms image.
Q420. Confocal microscope provides —
A. Optical section images through cornea
B. Whole-field projection
C. Surface only
D. Low contrast
View Answer
A. Optical section images through cornea ✅ Exp: Depth scanning via pinhole aperture for in-vivo corneal imaging.
ophthalmology quiz Fluorescence & Infra-Red Imaging
Q421. Fluorescence occurs when —
A. Substance emits light of longer wavelength after excitation
B. Reflects white light
C. Absorbs IR radiation
D. Emits shorter wavelength
View Answer
A. Substance emits light of longer wavelength after excitation ✅ Exp: Energy difference emitted as visible light.
Q422. Fluorescein excitation filter range ≈
A. 465–490 nm
B. 520–530 nm
C. 600 nm
D. 800 nm
View Answer
A. 465–490 nm ✅ Exp: Blue light excites yellow-green fluorescence.
Q423. Emission filter transmits —
A. 520–530 nm
B. 450 nm
C. 600 nm
D. 800 nm
View Answer
A. 520–530 nm ✅ Exp: Blocks excitation light, passes fluorescent signal.
Q424. Infra-red imaging useful for —
A. Choroidal visualization
B. Corneal surface
C. Lens capsule
D. Tear film
View Answer
A. Choroidal visualization ✅ Exp: Penetrates RPE and pigment layers.
Q425. Indocyanine green absorbs and emits at ≈
A. 805 nm
B. 532 nm
C. 630 nm
D. 1064 nm
View Answer
A. 805 nm ✅ Exp: Infra-red dye for choroidal angiography.
Q426. Dual-wavelength imaging helps —
A. Differentiate retinal vs choroidal circulation
B. Increase brightness
C. Detect floaters
D. Color balance
View Answer
A. Differentiate retinal vs choroidal circulation ✅ Exp: Combines fluorescein and ICG channels.
Q427. Fundus autofluorescence (FAF) detects —
A. Lipofuscin in RPE
B. Melanin
C. Retinal vessels
D. Blood
View Answer
A. Lipofuscin in RPE ✅ Exp: Intrinsic fluorescence indicates RPE health.
ophthalmology quiz
Q428. Blue-light FAF excitation ≈
A. 488 nm
B. 520 nm
C. 600 nm
D. 805 nm
View Answer
A. 488 nm ✅ Exp: Common for lipofuscin imaging with emission around 520 nm.
Q429. Near-IR FAF detects —
A. Melanin fluorescence
B. Lipofuscin
C. Blood vessels
D. Collagen
View Answer
A. Melanin fluorescence ✅ Exp: Uses 787 nm excitation for deep layer RPE assessment.
Digital Recording & Display
Q430. CCD stands for —
A. Charge-Coupled Device
B. Current-Control Detector
C. Charged Capacitor Drive
D. Color-Coding Diode
View Answer
A. Charge-Coupled Device ✅ Exp: Image sensor that stores light-induced charge.
Q431. CMOS sensor advantage over CCD —
A. Lower power consumption
B. Higher noise
C. Worse resolution
D. Requires cooling
View Answer
A. Lower power consumption ✅ Exp: Common in modern digital slit-lamp and fundus cameras.
Q432. Image resolution depends on —
A. Number of pixels
B. Aperture size
C. Color filter
D. ISO speed
View Answer
A. Number of pixels ✅ Exp: More pixels = finer detail recording.
ophthalmology quiz
Q433. Optical zoom differs from digital zoom by —
A. Using lens magnification
B. Image cropping
C. Software magnification
D. Interpolation
View Answer
A. Using lens magnification ✅ Exp: Optical zoom preserves resolution.
Q434. White balance control maintains —
A. Color accuracy
B. Brightness
C. Sharpness
D. Magnification
View Answer
A. Color accuracy ✅ Exp: Adjusts color temperature to true tones.
Q435. Exposure time influences —
A. Image brightness and motion blur
B. Contrast only
C. Depth of field
D. Field of view
View Answer
A. Image brightness and motion blur ✅ Exp: Longer exposure = brighter but blurred images.
Q436. Depth of field increases with —
A. Smaller aperture (f-number)
B. Larger aperture
C. High magnification
D. Short focal length
View Answer
A. Smaller aperture (f-number) ✅ Exp: Narrower aperture = greater range in focus.
Q437. Cross-polarization in photography reduces —
A. Surface reflections
B. Brightness
C. Resolution
D. Color contrast
View Answer
A. Surface reflections ✅ Exp: Used to document corneal and ocular surface lesions.
Q438. Infra-red filter in camera —
A. Blocks IR radiation to avoid blur
B. Enhances contrast
C. Reduces noise
D. Improves sharpness
View Answer
A. Blocks IR radiation to avoid blur ✅ Exp: Prevents sensor over-response to IR light.
Q439. DICOM standard relates to —
A. Medical image storage and communication
B. Color balance
C. Image contrast
D. Resolution
View Answer
A. Medical image storage and communication ✅ Exp: Ensures compatibility between devices and software.
ophthalmology quiz
Q440. Main advantage of digital documentation in ophthalmology —
A. Permanent, shareable record
B. Higher contrast than real view
C. Reduces exam time
D. No calibration needed
View Answer
A. Permanent, shareable record ✅ Exp: Essential for follow-up comparison and teaching.
