Explore 40 high-yield MCQs on the Blood & Nerves supply of eye Anatomy innervation of the eye, ideal for optometry and ophthalmology exams. Covers ophthalmic artery, cranial nerves, pupillary reflexes, and clinical syndromes. Perfect for NEET PG, AIIMS, and board preperation.

Ophthalmic Artery & Branches

1. Ophthalmic artery is a branch of:
A. External carotid artery
B. Internal carotid artery
C. Vertebral artery
D. Basilar artery

View Answer

B. Internal carotid artery ✅ Exp: Ophthalmic artery arises from ICA just after cavernous sinus.

2. Ophthalmic artery enters orbit through:
A. Inferior orbital fissure
B. Optic canal
C. Superior orbital fissure
D. Foramen rotundum

View Answer

B. Optic canal ✅ Exp: It passes with optic nerve through optic canal.

3. Central retinal artery is a branch of:
A. External carotid artery
B. Ophthalmic artery
C. Posterior ciliary artery
D. Maxillary artery

View Answer

B. Ophthalmic artery ✅ Exp: CRA is a direct branch of ophthalmic artery.

4. Central retinal artery supplies:
A. Entire retina
B. Inner 2/3 of retina
C. Outer retina only
D. Optic nerve head only

View Answer

B. Inner 2/3 of retina ✅ Exp: Outer retina supplied by choroidal circulation.

5. Short posterior ciliary arteries supply:
A. Retina
B. Choroid and optic nerve head
C. Cornea
D. Conjunctiva
Exp: SPCAs → choroid + optic disc.

Ciliary Circulation

6. Long posterior ciliary arteries pierce sclera near:
A. Corneal limbus
B. Optic nerve
C. Equator
D. Ora serrata

View Answer

B. Optic nerve ✅ Exp: LPCAs enter around optic nerve.

7. Long posterior ciliary arteries run forward to form:
A. Major arterial circle of iris
B. Minor circle
C. Central retinal artery
D. Circle of Zinn

View Answer

A. Major arterial circle of iris ✅ Exp: Major circle = LPCAs + anterior ciliary arteries.

8. Circle of Zinn-Haller formed by:
A. Short posterior ciliary arteries
B. Long posterior ciliary arteries
C. Anterior ciliary arteries
D. Central retinal artery

View Answer

A. Short posterior ciliary arteries ✅ Exp: Anastomosis around optic nerve head.

9. Blood supply of ciliary body mainly from:
A. CRA
B. Major arterial circle
C. Minor arterial circle
D. SPCAs only

View Answer

B. Major arterial circle ✅ Exp: Ciliary body richly supplied by major arterial circle.

10. Cornea is avascular, but nutrition is from:
A. Limbal vessels, aqueous, tear film
B. Central retinal artery
C. Choroid only
D. None

View Answer

A. Limbal vessels, aqueous, tear film ✅ Exp: Cornea nourished by aqueous, tears, limbus.

Venous Drainage

11. Central retinal vein drains into:
A. Cavernous sinus (via superior ophthalmic vein)
B. Inferior ophthalmic vein
C. Pterygoid plexus
D. Jugular vein directly

View Answer

A. Cavernous sinus (via superior ophthalmic vein) ✅ Exp: CRV joins ophthalmic veins → cavernous sinus.

12. Vorticose veins drain:
A. Retina
B. Choroid
C. Optic nerve
D. Conjunctiva

View Answer

B. Choroid ✅ Exp: 4–6 vortex veins drain choroid.

13. Superior ophthalmic vein communicates with:
A. Facial vein
B. Jugular vein
C. Pterygoid plexus
D. Dural sinuses only

View Answer

A. Facial vein ✅ Exp: Facial–ophthalmic connection → cavernous sinus thrombosis risk.

14. Cavernous sinus receives blood from:
A. Ophthalmic veins
B. Jugular veins directly
C. Vorticose veins directly
D. Central artery of retina

View Answer

A. Ophthalmic veins ✅ Exp: Orbital veins → cavernous sinus.

15. Cavernous sinus thrombosis can spread from:
A. Upper lip
B. Danger area of face
C. Neck
D. Ear

View Answer

B. Danger area of face ✅ Exp: Facial vein communicates with ophthalmic veins.

Arterial Supply of Ocular Structures

16. Lens gets nutrition mainly from:
A. Central retinal artery
B. Aqueous humor
C. Choroid
D. Ciliary body

View Answer

B. Aqueous humor ✅ Exp: Avascular lens nourished by aqueous.

17. Outer retina supplied by:
A. Central retinal artery
B. Choroid
C. Posterior ciliary artery
D. Anterior ciliary artery

View Answer

B. Choroid ✅ Exp: Photoreceptors nourished by choroid.

18. Fovea receives blood supply from:
A. Central retinal artery
B. Choroid (diffusion)
C. Major arterial circle
D. LPCAs

View Answer

B. Choroid (diffusion) ✅ Exp: Central fovea avascular → depends on choroid.

19. Optic disc blood supply mainly by:
A. CRA
B. Short posterior ciliary arteries
C. Long posterior ciliary arteries
D. Choroid only

View Answer

B. Short posterior ciliary arteries ✅ Exp: SPCAs form circle of Zinn.

20. Conjunctiva mainly supplied by:
A. Anterior ciliary arteries
B. Posterior ciliary arteries
C. Choroid
D. Retinal vessels

View Answer

A. Anterior ciliary arteries ✅ Exp: ACA branches → conjunctiva.

Cranial Nerves Related to Orbit

21. Nerve supplying lateral rectus:
A. Oculomotor
B. Abducens
C. Trochlear
D. Trigeminal

View Answer

B. Abducens ✅ Exp: CN VI supplies LR.

22. Nerve supplying superior oblique:
A. Trochlear
B. Abducens
C. Oculomotor
D. Trigeminal

View Answer

A. Trochlear ✅ Exp: CN IV supplies SO.

23. All other extraocular muscles supplied by:
A. Oculomotor
B. Trochlear
C. Abducens
D. Sympathetic

View Answer

A. Oculomotor ✅ Exp: CN III supplies SR, IR, MR, IO, LPS.

24. Sensory innervation of cornea is by:
A. Ophthalmic division of trigeminal
B. Maxillary nerve
C. Facial nerve
D. Abducens

View Answer

A. Ophthalmic division of trigeminal ✅ Exp: Cornea is V1 (nasociliary branch).

25. Lacrimal gland parasympathetic fibres come via:
A. Facial nerve (greater petrosal)
B. Oculomotor
C. Trigeminal
D. Abducens

View Answer

A. Facial nerve (greater petrosal) ✅ Exp: Facial → pterygopalatine → lacrimal.

Autonomic Pathways

26. Parasympathetic supply to sphincter pupillae via:
A. Oculomotor nerve (Edinger-Westphal → ciliary ganglion)
B. Trochlear
C. Abducens
D. Sympathetic

View Answer

A. Oculomotor nerve (Edinger-Westphal → ciliary ganglion) ✅ Exp: CN III → CG → short ciliary nerves.

27. Dilator pupillae innervation:
A. Sympathetic fibres
B. Parasympathetic
C. CN III motor root
D. Facial nerve

View Answer

A. Sympathetic fibres ✅ Exp: Sympathetic from SCG.

28. Ciliary muscle innervation:
A. Parasympathetic (CN III via ciliary ganglion)
B. Sympathetic
C. Facial nerve
D. Trochlear

View Answer

A. Parasympathetic (CN III via ciliary ganglion) ✅ Exp: Accommodation is parasympathetic.

29. Sympathetic pathway for pupil dilation originates from:
A. Hypothalamus → ciliospinal centre (C8–T2)
B. Pons → Edinger nucleus
C. Midbrain → CN IV
D. Medulla → CN XII

View Answer

A. Hypothalamus → ciliospinal centre (C8–T2) ✅ Exp: Three-neuron sympathetic pathway.

30. Lesion in sympathetic pathway causes:
A. Horner’s syndrome
B. CN III palsy
C. Optic atrophy
D. Papilledema

View Answer

A. Horner’s syndrome ✅ Exp: Classic triad: miosis, ptosis, anhidrosis.

Clinical Nerve Syndromes

31. Complete oculomotor nerve palsy results in:
A. Ptosis, dilated pupil, eye down & out
B. Vertical diplopia
C. Esotropia
D. Anhidrosis

View Answer

A. Ptosis, dilated pupil, eye down & out ✅ Exp: CN III supplies most EOMs + parasympathetic.

32. Trochlear nerve palsy worsens on:
A. Looking down
B. Looking up
C. Looking lateral
D. Looking medial

View Answer

A. Looking down ✅ Exp: SO needed for downgaze.

33. Abducens nerve palsy leads to:
A. Esotropia
B. Exotropia
C. Hypertropia
D. Hypotropia

View Answer

A. Esotropia ✅ Exp: LR palsy → eye turned medially.

34. In Horner’s syndrome, pupil is:
A. Miotic
B. Dilated
C. Mid-dilated fixed
D. Reacts sluggishly

View Answer

A. Miotic ✅ Exp: Sympathetic loss → miosis.

35. Relative afferent pupillary defect (RAPD) occurs in:
A. Optic nerve lesion
B. Oculomotor palsy
C. Abducens palsy
D. Horner’s syndrome

View Answer

A. Optic nerve lesion ✅ Exp: Optic nerve conduction defect.

Pupillary Reflexes

36. Afferent limb of light reflex:
A. Optic nerve
B. Oculomotor
C. Abducens
D. Facial

View Answer

A. Optic nerve ✅ Exp: Retina → optic nerve.

37. Efferent limb of light reflex:
A. Optic nerve
B. Oculomotor nerve
C. Trochlear
D. Trigeminal

View Answer

B. Oculomotor nerve ✅ Exp: Parasympathetic via CN III → sphincter pupillae.

38. Afferent limb of accommodation reflex:
A. Optic nerve
B. Oculomotor
C. Facial
D. Abducens

View Answer

A. Optic nerve ✅ Exp: Visual input via CN II.

39. Efferent limb of accommodation reflex:
A. Oculomotor nerve
B. Trochlear
C. Abducens
D. Trigeminal

View Answer

A. Oculomotor nerve ✅ Exp: CN III innervates ciliary muscle + sphincter pupillae.

40. Argyll Robertson pupil seen in:
A. Neurosyphilis
B. Horner’s
C. Adie’s pupil
D. Optic atrophy

View Answer

A. Neurosyphilis ✅ Exp: Light reflex absent, accommodation present.

Thank you for exploring this essential set of multiple-choice questions focused on the blood and nerve supply of the eye. Whether you’re preparing for an optometry exam, an ophthalmology entrance test, or simply reinforcing your anatomical knowledge, mastering these concepts is key to clinical excellence.